初始化第一个 master 节点
# 只在第一个 master 节点执行# 替换 apiserver.demo 为 您想要的 dnsNameexport APISERVER_NAME=apiserver.demo# Kubernetes 容器组所在的网段,该网段安装完成后,由 kubernetes 创建,事先并不存在于您的物理网络中export POD_SUBNET=10.100.0.1/16echo "127.0.0.1 ${APISERVER_NAME}" >> /etc/hosts#!/bin/bash
# 只在 master 节点执行
# 脚本出错时终止执行set -e
if [ ${#POD_SUBNET} -eq 0 ] || [ ${#APISERVER_NAME} -eq 0 ]; then echo -e "\033[31;1m请确保您已经设置了环境变量 POD_SUBNET 和 APISERVER_NAME \033[0m" echo 当前POD_SUBNET=$POD_SUBNET echo 当前APISERVER_NAME=$APISERVER_NAME exit 1fi
# 查看完整配置选项 https://godoc.org/k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kubeadm/app/apis/kubeadm/v1beta2rm -f ./kubeadm-config.yamlcat <<EOF > ./kubeadm-config.yamlapiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2kind: ClusterConfigurationkubernetesVersion: v1.16.2imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containerscontrolPlaneEndpoint: "${APISERVER_NAME}:6443"networking: serviceSubnet: "10.96.0.0/16" podSubnet: "${POD_SUBNET}" dnsDomain: "cluster.local"EOF
# kubeadm init# 根据您服务器网速的情况,您需要等候 3 - 10 分钟kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs
# 配置 kubectlrm -rf /root/.kube/mkdir /root/.kube/cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /root/.kube/config
# 安装 calico 网络插件# 参考文档 https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.9/getting-started/kubernetes/rm -f calico-3.9.2.yamlwget https://kuboard.cn/install-script/calico/calico-3.9.2.yamlsed -i "s#192\.168\.0\.0/16#${POD_SUBNET}#" calico-3.9.2.yamlkubectl apply -f calico-3.9.2.yaml执行结果
执行结果中: 第 15、16、17 行,用于初始化第二、三个 master 节点 第 25、26 行,用于初始化 worker 节点
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
You can now join any number of the control-plane node running the following command on each as root:
kubeadm join apiserver.k8s:6443 --token 4z3r2v.2p43g28ons3b475v \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:959569cbaaf0cf3fad744f8bd8b798ea9e11eb1e568c15825355879cf4cdc5d6 \ --control-plane --certificate-key 41a741533a038a936759aff43b5680f0e8c41375614a873ea49fde8944614dd6
Please note that the certificate-key gives access to cluster sensitive data, keep it secret!As a safeguard, uploaded-certs will be deleted in two hours; If necessary, you can use"kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs" to reload certs afterward.
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join apiserver.k8s:6443 --token 4z3r2v.2p43g28ons3b475v \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:959569cbaaf0cf3fad744f8bd8b798ea9e11eb1e568c15825355879cf4cdc5d6检查 master 初始化结果
# 只在第一个 master 节点执行
# 执行如下命令,等待 3-10 分钟,直到所有的容器组处于 Running 状态watch kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide
# 查看 master 节点初始化结果kubectl get nodesWARNING 请等到所有容器组(大约 9 个)全部处于 Running 状态,才进行下一步
初始化第二、三个 master 节点 - 可后期新增
获得 master 节点的 join 命令
可以和第一个 Master 节点一起初始化第二、三个 Master 节点,也可以从单 Master 节点调整过来,只需要
增加 Master 的 LoadBalancer 将所有节点的 /etc/hosts 文件中 apiserver.demo 解析为 LoadBalancer 的地址 添加第二、三个 Master 节点 初始化 master 节点的 token 有效时间为 2 小时
1.和第一个 Master 节点一起初始化 - 可后期新增
初始化第二、三个master节点获得 master 节点的 join 命令
可以和第一个Master节点一起初始化第二、三个Master节点,也可以从单Master节点调整过来,只需要
增加Master的 LoadBalancer将所有节点的 /etc/hosts 文件中 apiserver.demo 解析为 LoadBalancer 的地址添加第二、三个Master节点第一个 Master 节点初始化 2 个小时后再初始化 - 可后期新增
获得 certificate key
在 demo-master-a-1 上执行
# 只在 第一个 master 节点 demo-master-a-1 上执行kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs
输出结果如下:[root@demo-master-a-1 ~]# kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certsW0902 09:05:28.355623 1046 version.go:98] could not fetch a Kubernetes version from the internet: unable to get URL "https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt": Get https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)W0902 09:05:28.355718 1046 version.go:99] falling back to the local client version: v1.16.2[upload-certs] Storing the certificates in Secret "kubeadm-certs" in the "kube-system" Namespace[upload-certs] Using certificate key:70eb87e62f052d2d5de759969d5b42f372d0ad798f98df38f7fe73efdf63a13c
获得 join 命令
在 demo-master-a-1 上执行
# 只在 第一个 master 节点 demo-master-a-1 上执行kubeadm token create --print-join-command
输出结果如下:
[root@demo-master-a-1 ~]# kubeadm token create --print-join-commandkubeadm join apiserver.demo:6443 --token bl80xo.hfewon9l5jlpmjft --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b4d2bed371fe4603b83e7504051dcfcdebcbdcacd8be27884223c4ccc13059a4
则,第二、三个 master 节点的 join 命令如下:
命令行中,蓝色部分来自于前面获得的 join 命令,红色部分来自于前面获得的 certificate keykubeadm join apiserver.demo:6443 --token ejwx62.vqwog6il5p83uk7y \--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6f7a8e40a810323672de5eee6f4d19aa2dbdb38411845a1bf5dd63485c43d303 \--control-plane --certificate-key 70eb87e62f052d2d5de759969d5b42f372d0ad798f98df38f7fe73efdf63a13c初始化 master 节点的 token 有效时间为 2 小时 和第一个 Master 节点一起初始化 第一个 Master 节点初始化 2 个小时后再初始化 初始化第一个 master 节点时的输出内容中,第 15、16、17 行就是用来初始化第二、三个 master 节点的命令,如下所示:此时请不要执行该命令
kubeadm join apiserver.k8s:6443 —token 4z3r2v.2p43g28ons3b475v
—discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:959569cbaaf0cf3fad744f8bd8b798ea9e11eb1e568c15825355879cf4cdc5d6
—control-plane —certificate-key 41a741533a038a936759aff43b5680f0e8c41375614a873ea49fde8944614dd6
初始化第二、三个 master 节点 - 可后期新增
在 demo-master-b-1 和 demo-master-b-2 机器上执行
# 只在第二、三个 master 节点 demo-master-b-1 和 demo-master-b-2 执行# 替换 x.x.x.x 为 ApiServer LoadBalancer 的 IP 地址export APISERVER_IP=x.x.x.x# 替换 apiserver.demo 为 前面已经使用的 dnsNameexport APISERVER_NAME=apiserver.demoecho "${APISERVER_IP} ${APISERVER_NAME}" >> /etc/hosts# 使用前面步骤中获得的第二、三个 master 节点的 join 命令kubeadm join apiserver.demo:6443 --token ejwx62.vqwog6il5p83uk7y \--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6f7a8e40a810323672de5eee6f4d19aa2dbdb38411845a1bf5dd63485c43d303 \--control-plane --certificate-key 70eb87e62f052d2d5de759969d5b42f372d0ad798f98df38f7fe73efdf63a13c常见问题
如果一直停留在 pre-flight 状态,请在第二、三个节点上执行命令检查:
curl -ik https://apiserver.demo:6443/version
输出结果应该如下所示
HTTP/1.1 200 OKCache-Control: no-cache, privateContent-Type: application/jsonDate: Wed, 30 Oct 2019 08:13:39 GMTContent-Length: 263
{"major": "1","minor": "16","gitVersion": "v1.16.2","gitCommit": "2bd9643cee5b3b3a5ecbd3af49d09018f0773c77","gitTreeState": "clean","buildDate": "2019-09-18T14:27:17Z","goVersion": "go1.12.9","compiler": "gc","platform": "linux/amd64"}
否则,请您检查一下您的 Loadbalancer 是否设置正确检查 master 初始化结果
# 只在第一个 master 节点 demo-master-a-1 执行
# 查看 master 节点初始化结果
kubectl get nodes初始化 worker 节点 #获得 join 命令参数
和第一个 Master 节点一起初始化
初始化第一个 master 节点时的输出内容中,第 25、26 行就是用来初始化 worker 节点的命令,如下所示:此时请不要执行该命令
kubeadm join apiserver.k8s:6443 --token 4z3r2v.2p43g28ons3b475v \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:959569cbaaf0cf3fad744f8bd8b798ea9e11eb1e568c15825355879cf4cdc5d6第一个 Master 节点初始化 2 个小时后再初始化
在第一个 master 节点 demo-master-a-1 节点执行
# 只在第一个 master 节点 demo-master-a-1 上执行kubeadm token create --print-join-command
可获取kubeadm join 命令及参数,如下所示
kubeadm join apiserver.demo:6443 --token mpfjma.4vjjg8flqihor4vt --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6f7a8e40a810323672de5eee6f4d19aa2dbdb38411845a1bf5dd63485c43d303有效时间 该 token 的有效时间为 2 个小时,2 小时内,您可以使用此 token 初始化任意数量的 worker 节点。
初始化 worker
针对所有的 worker 节点执行
# 只在 worker 节点执行
# 替换 x.x.x.x 为 ApiServer LoadBalancer 的 IP 地址
export MASTER_IP=x.x.x.x
# 替换 apiserver.demo 为初始化 master 节点时所使用的 APISERVER_NAME
export APISERVER_NAME=apiserver.demoecho "${MASTER_IP} ${APISERVER_NAME}" >> /etc/hosts
# 替换为前面 kubeadm token create --print-join-command 的输出结果
kubeadm join apiserver.demo:6443 --token mpfjma.4vjjg8flqihor4vt --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6f7a8e40a810323672de5eee6f4d19aa2dbdb38411845a1bf5dd63485c43d303检查 worker 初始化结果
在第一个 master 节点 demo-master-a-1 上执行
# 只在第一个 master 节点 demo-master-a-1 上执行
kubectl get nodes移除 worker 节点
WARNING 正常情况下,您无需移除 worker 节点
在准备移除的 worker 节点上执行
kubeadm reset在第一个 master 节点 demo-master-a-1 上执行
kubectl delete node demo-worker-x-x将 demo-worker-x-x 替换为要移除的 worker 节点的名字 worker 节点的名字可以通过在第一个 master 节点 demo-master-a-1 上执行 kubectl get nodes 命令获得
安装 Ingress Controller
kubernetes 支持多种 Ingress Controllers (traefic / Kong / Istio / Nginx 等),本文推荐使用 https://github.com/nginxinc/kubernetes-ingress
快速安装 在 master 节点上执行
# 只在第一个 master 节点 demo-master-a-1 上执行
kubectl apply -f https://kuboard.cn/install-script/v1.16.2/nginx-ingress.yamlYAML文件
# 如果打算用于生产环境,请参考 https://github.com/nginxinc/kubernetes-ingress/blob/v1.5.5/docs/installation.md 并根据您自己的情况做进一步定制
apiVersion: v1kind: Namespacemetadata: name: nginx-ingress
---apiVersion: v1kind: ServiceAccountmetadata: name: nginx-ingress namespace: nginx-ingress
---apiVersion: v1kind: Secretmetadata: name: default-server-secret namespace: nginx-ingresstype: Opaquedata: tls.crt: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCk1JSUN2akNDQWFZQ0NRREFPRjl0THNhWFhEQU5CZ2txaGtpRzl3MEJBUXNGQURBaE1SOHdIUVlEVlFRRERCWk8KUjBsT1dFbHVaM0psYzNORGIyNTBjbTlzYkdWeU1CNFhEVEU0TURreE1qRTRNRE16TlZvWERUSXpNRGt4TVRFNApNRE16TlZvd0lURWZNQjBHQTFVRUF3d1dUa2RKVGxoSmJtZHlaWE56UTI5dWRISnZiR3hsY2pDQ0FTSXdEUVlKCktvWklodmNOQVFFQkJRQURnZ0VQQURDQ0FRb0NnZ0VCQUwvN2hIUEtFWGRMdjNyaUM3QlBrMTNpWkt5eTlyQ08KR2xZUXYyK2EzUDF0azIrS3YwVGF5aGRCbDRrcnNUcTZzZm8vWUk1Y2Vhbkw4WGM3U1pyQkVRYm9EN2REbWs1Qgo4eDZLS2xHWU5IWlg0Rm5UZ0VPaStlM2ptTFFxRlBSY1kzVnNPazFFeUZBL0JnWlJVbkNHZUtGeERSN0tQdGhyCmtqSXVuektURXUyaDU4Tlp0S21ScUJHdDEwcTNRYzhZT3ExM2FnbmovUWRjc0ZYYTJnMjB1K1lYZDdoZ3krZksKWk4vVUkxQUQ0YzZyM1lma1ZWUmVHd1lxQVp1WXN2V0RKbW1GNWRwdEMzN011cDBPRUxVTExSakZJOTZXNXIwSAo1TmdPc25NWFJNV1hYVlpiNWRxT3R0SmRtS3FhZ25TZ1JQQVpQN2MwQjFQU2FqYzZjNGZRVXpNQ0F3RUFBVEFOCkJna3Foa2lHOXcwQkFRc0ZBQU9DQVFFQWpLb2tRdGRPcEsrTzhibWVPc3lySmdJSXJycVFVY2ZOUitjb0hZVUoKdGhrYnhITFMzR3VBTWI5dm15VExPY2xxeC9aYzJPblEwMEJCLzlTb0swcitFZ1U2UlVrRWtWcitTTFA3NTdUWgozZWI4dmdPdEduMS9ienM3bzNBaS9kclkrcUI5Q2k1S3lPc3FHTG1US2xFaUtOYkcyR1ZyTWxjS0ZYQU80YTY3Cklnc1hzYktNbTQwV1U3cG9mcGltU1ZmaXFSdkV5YmN3N0NYODF6cFErUyt1eHRYK2VBZ3V0NHh3VlI5d2IyVXYKelhuZk9HbWhWNThDd1dIQnNKa0kxNXhaa2VUWXdSN0diaEFMSkZUUkk3dkhvQXprTWIzbjAxQjQyWjNrN3RXNQpJUDFmTlpIOFUvOWxiUHNoT21FRFZkdjF5ZytVRVJxbStGSis2R0oxeFJGcGZnPT0KLS0tLS1FTkQgQ0VSVElGSUNBVEUtLS0tLQo= tls.key: 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
---kind: ConfigMapapiVersion: v1metadata: name: nginx-config namespace: nginx-ingressdata: server-names-hash-bucket-size: "1024"
---kind: ClusterRoleapiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1metadata: name: nginx-ingressrules:- apiGroups: - "" resources: - services - endpoints verbs: - get - list - watch- apiGroups: - "" resources: - secrets verbs: - get - list - watch- apiGroups: - "" resources: - configmaps verbs: - get - list - watch - update - create- apiGroups: - "" resources: - pods verbs: - list- apiGroups: - "" resources: - events verbs: - create - patch- apiGroups: - extensions resources: - ingresses verbs: - list - watch - get- apiGroups: - "extensions" resources: - ingresses/status verbs: - update- apiGroups: - k8s.nginx.org resources: - virtualservers - virtualserverroutes verbs: - list - watch - get
---kind: ClusterRoleBindingapiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1metadata: name: nginx-ingresssubjects:- kind: ServiceAccount name: nginx-ingress namespace: nginx-ingressroleRef: kind: ClusterRole name: nginx-ingress apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---apiVersion: apps/v1kind: DaemonSetmetadata: name: nginx-ingress namespace: nginx-ingress annotations: prometheus.io/scrape: "true" prometheus.io/port: "9113"spec: selector: matchLabels: app: nginx-ingress template: metadata: labels: app: nginx-ingress spec: serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress containers: - image: nginx/nginx-ingress:1.5.5 name: nginx-ingress ports: - name: http containerPort: 80 hostPort: 80 - name: https containerPort: 443 hostPort: 443 - name: prometheus containerPort: 9113 env: - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name args: - -nginx-configmaps=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-config - -default-server-tls-secret=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/default-server-secret #- -v=3 # Enables extensive logging. Useful for troubleshooting. #- -report-ingress-status #- -external-service=nginx-ingress #- -enable-leader-election - -enable-prometheus-metrics #- -enable-custom-resourcesWARNING
如果您打算将 Kubernetes 用于生产环境,请参考此文档 Installing Ingress Controller,完善 Ingress 的配置
#在 IaaS 层完成如下配置(公网 Load Balancer) 创建负载均衡 Load Balancer:
监听器 1:80 / TCP, SOURCE_ADDRESS 会话保持 服务器资源池 1: demo-worker-x-x 的所有节点的 80 端口 监听器 2:443 / TCP, SOURCE_ADDRESS 会话保持 服务器资源池 2: demo-worker-x-x 的所有节点的 443 端口 假设刚创建的负载均衡 Load Balancer 的 IP 地址为: z.z.z.z
#配置域名解析 将域名 *.demo.yourdomain.com 解析到地址负载均衡服务器 的 IP 地址 z.z.z.z
#验证配置 在浏览器访问 a.demo.yourdomain.com,将得到 404 NotFound 错误页面
#下一步
您已经完成了 Kubernetes 集群的安装,下一步请:
安装 Kuboard - 微服务管理界面 获取 Kubernetes 免费教程